Senate Bill 2816: 

Relating to Community Associations

S2816    GENERAL BILL by Villalobos ( H 1373, Compare CS/H 0433, CS/S 0902)
Community Associations [EPCC]; provides disclosure requirements for certain contracts for initial sale of parcel of real property & each contract for initial sale of residential unit; requires notice of proposed amendments to be provided to unit owners; authorizes board to install hurricane protection that complies with applicable building
code; revises powers & duties of homeowners' associations, etc. Amends FS. EFFECTIVE DATE: 07/01/2007.
03/05/07 SENATE Filed
03/20/07 SENATE Introduced, referred to Regulated Industries; Community
                  Affairs; Judiciary; General Government Appropriations
                  -SJ 00196
04/11/07 SENATE On Committee agenda-- Regulated Industries, 04/16/07, 1:30
                  pm, 110-S


SB 2816 -- HOMEOWNERS' ASSOCIATIONS

4068      Section 51.  Subsections (2), (4), (7), (8), (9), and (10)
4069 of section 720.301, Florida Statutes, are amended, and
4070 subsection (14) is added to that section, to read:
4071      720.301  Definitions.--As used in this chapter, the term:
4072      (2)  "Common area" means all real property within a
4073 community which is owned or leased by an association or
4074 dedicated for use or maintenance by the association or its
4075 members, including, regardless of whether title has been
4076 conveyed to the association:
4077      (a)  Real property the use of which is dedicated to the
4078 association or its members by a recorded plat; or
4079      (b)  Real property committed by a declaration of covenants
4080 to be leased or conveyed to the association.
4081      (4)  "Declaration of covenants," or "declaration," means a
4082 recorded written instrument in the nature of covenants running
4083 with the land, according to the recorded plat, which subjects
4084 the land comprising the community to the jurisdiction and
4085 control of an association or associations in which the owners of
4086 the parcels, or their association representatives, must be
4087 members. Upon the execution of the sale of the first lot, a
4088 declaration may not be amended without the vote of approval of
4089 two-thirds majority of the owners of residential parcels that
4090 have been purchased, with a tie vote resulting in a negative
4091 vote. Exceptions shall be amendments identifying additional
4092 phases of the community as they are constructed. These
4093 amendments may not contain any other changes to the existing
4094 declaration.
4095      (7)  "Division" means the Division of Florida Land Sales,
4096 Condominiums, Homeowners' Associations, and Mobile Homes in the
4097 Department of Business and Professional Regulation.
4098      (8)  "Governing documents" means:
4099      (a)  Each set of The recorded declaration of covenants for
4100 a community, and all duly adopted and recorded amendments,
4101 supplements, and recorded exhibits thereto; and
4102      (b)  The articles of incorporation and bylaws of the
4103 homeowners' association, and any duly adopted amendments
4104 thereto.
4105
4106 When different sets of covenants exist for each recorded plat,
4107 those covenants shall only apply to the plat for which they are
4108 recorded and specified. The different sets of covenants may not
4109 be commingled.
4110      (9)  "Homeowners' association" or "association" means a
4111 Florida corporation, as authorized by chapter 720 or an
4112 authorized not-for-profit corporation pursuant to chapter 617,
4113 responsible for the administration operation of a community or a
4114 mobile home subdivision in compliance with applicable federal,
4115 state, and local laws and the governing documents of the
4116 association. In addition, a homeowners' association means a
4117 Florida corporation in which the voting membership is made up of
4118 parcel owners or their agents, or a combination thereof, and in
4119 which membership is a mandatory condition of parcel ownership,
4120 and which is authorized to impose assessments that, if unpaid,
4121 may become a lien on the parcel. Any homeowners' association or
4122 other named association that administers a residential community
4123 where membership is mandatory shall be required to comply with
4124 this chapter, except if exempted. The term "homeowners'
4125 association" does not include a community development district
4126 or other similar special taxing district created pursuant to
4127 statute.
4128      (10)  "Member" means a member of an association, and may
4129 include, but is not limited to, a parcel owner or an association
4130 representing parcel owners or a combination thereof, and
4131 includes any person or entity obligated by the governing
4132 documents to pay an assessment or amenity fee.
4133      (14)  "Homeowners' Association Advisory Council" means a
4134 group of persons appointed to recommend changes in laws that
4135 affect the administration of mandatory homeowners' associations.
4136      Section 52.  Subsections (1) and (2) of section 720.302,
4137 Florida Statutes, are amended to read:
4138      720.302  Purposes, scope, and application.--
4139      (1)  The purposes of this chapter are to give statutory
4140 recognition to corporations not for profit that administer or
4141 operate residential communities in this state, to provide
4142 regulations procedures for operating homeowners' associations,
4143 and to protect the rights of association members without unduly
4144 impairing the ability of such associations to perform their
4145 functions as authorized by federal, state, and local laws and
4146 the governing documents of the association.
4147      (2)  Having provided certain powers and authority to
4148 homeowners' associations and deed restrictions created by
4149 developers of mandated properties in residential communities,
4150 the Legislature recognizes that it is necessary to provide
4151 regulatory oversight to ensure compliance with federal, state,
4152 and local laws. It is the intent of the Legislature to protect
4153 the rights of parcel owners by ensuring that the powers and
4154 authority granted to homeowners' associations and deed
4155 restrictions created by developers of mandated properties in
4156 residential communities conform to a system of checks and
4157 balances to prevent abuses of governmental authority. The
4158 Department of Business and Professional Regulation shall create
4159 a Division of Mandated Properties. No later than July 1, 2008,
4160 the division shall establish a process for collecting an annual
4161 fee which shall not exceed $4 for each association member in
4162 communities administered by the association during each of the
4163 following 2 years and, thereafter, shall not exceed the Cost of
4164 Living Index. Funds collected shall be deposited in the Division
4165 of Florida Land Sales, Condominiums, Homeowners' Associations,
4166 and Mobile Homes Trust Fund Trust Fund. Funds shall be utilized
4167 by the division for, but not limited to, the review and approval
4168 of deed restrictions before releasing for recording at the
4169 county level by the developer or owner of the initial lots to be
4170 developed; education; enforcement; investigation; and
4171 prosecution of policies and procedures related to mandated
4172 properties. Upon transition of authorities, duties,
4173 responsibilities, and rights from the developer to the parcel
4174 owners, all amendments, alterations, or modifications to the
4175 governing documents must be approved by at least two-thirds of
4176 the parcel owners or homeowners' association members. The
4177 governing documents may not contain provisions that reduce this
4178 percentage of majority approval for changes to the governing
4179 documents. The ombudsman may not engage the services of industry
4180 partisans with a vested interest in the administration of deed-
4181 restricted communities or in the mandatory homeowners'
4182 association to implement its powers, who have practiced in this
4183 field within the last 3 years. Furthermore not in the best
4184 interest of homeowners' associations or the individual
4185 association members thereof to create or impose a bureau or
4186 other agency of state government to regulate the affairs of
4187 homeowners' associations. However, in accordance with s.
4188 720.311, the Legislature finds that homeowners' associations and
4189 their individual members will benefit from an expedited
4190 alternative process for resolution of election and recall
4191 disputes and presuit mediation of other disputes involving
4192 covenant enforcement, disputes relating to the transition of
4193 control of the association from the developer or owner to
4194 members of the association, and authorizes the department to
4195 hear, administer, and determine these disputes as more fully set
4196 forth in this chapter. Further, the Legislature recognizes that
4197 certain contract rights have been created for the benefit of
4198 homeowners' associations and members thereof before the
4199 effective date of this act and that ss. 720.301-720.407 are not
4200 intended to impair such contract rights, as long as they are
4201 accepted by a two-thirds majority of the homeowners' association
4202 members, including, but not limited to, the rights of the
4203 developer to complete the community as initially contemplated.
4204      Section 53.  Section 720.303, Florida Statutes, is amended
4205 to read:
4206      720.303  Association powers and duties; meetings of board;
4207 official records; budgets; financial reporting; association
4208 funds; recalls.--
4209      (1)  POWERS AND DUTIES.--
4210      (a)  An association which operates a community as defined
4211 in s. 720.301, must be incorporated in this state, operated by
4212 an association that is a Florida corporation. After October 1,
4213 1995, the association must be incorporated and the initial
4214 governing documents must be recorded in the official records of
4215 the county in which the community is located. An association may
4216 operate more than one community.
4217      (b)  The officers and directors of an association have a
4218 fiduciary relationship of to the members who are served by the
4219 association.
4220      (c)  The powers and duties of an association include those
4221 set forth in this chapter and, except as expressly limited or
4222 restricted in this chapter, those specifically set forth in the
4223 governing documents. The officers and directors of the
4224 association may not take any action that is inconsistent with
4225 the declaration of covenants.
4226      (d)  After control of the association is obtained by
4227 members from other than the developer, the association may
4228 institute, maintain, or settle on , or appeal actions or
4229 hearings in its name on behalf of the all members concerning
4230 matters of common interest to the members, including, but not
4231 limited to, the common areas; roof or structural components of a
4232 building, or other improvements for which the association is
4233 responsible; mechanical, electrical, or plumbing elements
4234 serving an improvement or building for which the association is
4235 responsible; representations of the developer pertaining to any
4236 existing or proposed commonly used facility; and protesting ad
4237 valorem taxes on commonly used facilities. The association may
4238 defend actions in eminent domain or bring inverse condemnation
4239 actions. Before commencing any legal action litigation against
4240 any party in the name of the association involving amounts in
4241 controversy in excess of $50,000 $100,000, the association must
4242 obtain the affirmative approval of a majority of the members of
4243 the association voting interests at a meeting of the association
4244 membership at which a quorum is present has been attained.
4245      (e)  The association may enter into contracts for the
4246 benefit of the members of the association, including, but not
4247 limited to, contracts for maintaining, repairing, or improving
4248 the common areas of the association. This subsection does not
4249 limit any statutory or common-law right of any individual member
4250 or class of members to bring any action without participation by
4251 the association.
4252      (f)  A member does not have the authority to act for the
4253 association by virtue of being a member of the association. An
4254 association may have more than one class of members and may
4255 issue membership certificates.
4256      (g)  In any civil or criminal action between a member and
4257 the association, it shall not be a defense by the association
4258 that the association's actions, although incompatible with the
4259 declaration of covenants, have been uniformly applied.
4260      (h)  An association may not restrict a member's freedom of
4261 association and may not limit the number of guests a member may
4262 have within a 24-hour period.
4263      (i)  An association of 15 or fewer parcels parcel owners
4264 may enforce only the requirements of those deed restrictions
4265 established prior to the purchase of each parcel upon an
4266 affected parcel owner or owners.
4267      (j)  The officers and directors of an association may be
4268 personally liable for damages to a member if the actions of the
4269 officers and directors demonstrate a pattern of behavior
4270 intended to harass a member of the association.
4271      (k)  Any action of the association by and through the
4272 officers and directors that limits the legal use of any portion
4273 of a member's property that is incompatible with the declaration
4274 of covenants shall entitle the member to compensation for the
4275 fair market value of that portion of the member's property, the
4276 use of which is being restricted.
4277      (l)  In any association with more than 50 but fewer than 75
4278 parcels, for purposes of establishing setback limits, any parcel
4279 of 1 acre or less shall be deemed to have one front for purposes
4280 of determining the required front setback, if any. Only those
4281 setbacks specifically set forth in the declaration of covenants
4282 may be enforced by the association. Where the covenants are
4283 silent, the applicable county or municipal setbacks shall apply.
4284      (2)  BOARD MEETINGS.--
4285      (a)  A meeting of the board of directors of an association
4286 occurs whenever a quorum of the board gathers to conduct
4287 association business. All meetings of the board must be open to
4288 all members except for meetings between the board and its
4289 attorney with respect to proposed or pending litigation where
4290 the contents of the discussion would otherwise be governed by
4291 the attorney-client privilege.
4292      (b)  Members have the right to attend all meetings of the
4293 board and to speak on any matter placed on the agenda by
4294 petition of the voting interests for at least 3 minutes. The
4295 association may adopt written reasonable rules expanding the
4296 right of members to speak and governing the frequency, duration,
4297 and other manner of member statements, which rules must be
4298 consistent with this paragraph and may include a sign-up sheet
4299 for members wishing to speak. Notwithstanding any other law, the
4300 requirement that board meetings and committee meetings be open
4301 to the members is inapplicable to meetings between the board or
4302 a committee and the association's attorney, with respect to
4303 meetings of the board held for the purpose of discussing
4304 personnel matters.
4305      (c)  The bylaws shall provide for giving notice to parcel
4306 owners and members of all board meetings and, if they do not do
4307 so, shall be deemed to provide the following:
4308      1.  Notices of all board meetings and the agendas must be
4309 posted in a conspicuous place in the community at least 48 hours
4310 in advance of a meeting, except in an emergency. In the
4311 alternative, if notice is not posted in a conspicuous place in
4312 the community, notice of each board meeting and agenda must be
4313 mailed or delivered to each member at least 7 days before the
4314 meeting, except in an emergency. Notwithstanding this general
4315 notice requirement, for communities with more than 100 members,
4316 the bylaws may provide for a reasonable alternative to posting
4317 or mailing of notice for each board meeting, including
4318 publication of notice, provision of a schedule of board
4319 meetings, or the conspicuous posting and repeated broadcasting
4320 of the notice on a closed-circuit cable television system
4321 serving the homeowners' association. However, if broadcast
4322 notice is used in lieu of a notice posted physically in the
4323 community, the notice must be broadcast at least four times
4324 every broadcast hour of each day that a posted notice is
4325 otherwise required. When broadcast notice is provided, the
4326 notice and agenda must be broadcast in a manner and for a
4327 sufficient continuous length of time so as to allow an average
4328 reader to observe the notice and read and comprehend the entire
4329 content of the notice and the agenda. The bylaws or amended
4330 bylaws may provide for giving notice by electronic transmission
4331 in a manner authorized by law for meetings of the board of
4332 directors, committee meetings requiring notice under this
4333 section, and annual and special meetings of the members;
4334 however, a member must consent in writing to receiving notice by
4335 electronic transmission.
4336      2.  An assessment may not be levied at a board meeting
4337 unless the notice of the meeting includes a statement that
4338 assessments will be considered and the nature of the
4339 assessments. Written notice of any meeting at which special
4340 assessments will be considered or at which amendments to rules
4341 regarding parcel use will be considered must be mailed,
4342 delivered, or electronically transmitted to the members and
4343 parcel owners and posted conspicuously on the property or
4344 broadcast on closed-circuit cable television not less than 14
4345 days before the meeting.
4346      3.  Directors may not vote by proxy or by secret ballot at
4347 board meetings, except that secret ballots may be used in the
4348 election of officers. This subsection also applies to the
4349 meetings of any committee or other similar body, when a final
4350 decision will be made regarding the expenditure of association
4351 funds, and to any body vested with the power to approve or
4352 disapprove architectural decisions with respect to a specific
4353 parcel of residential property owned by a member of the
4354 community.
4355      (d)  If 10 20 percent of the total voting interests
4356 petition the board to address an item of business, the board
4357 shall at its next regular board meeting or at a special meeting
4358 of the board, but not later than 60 days after the receipt of
4359 the petition, take the petitioned item up on an agenda. The
4360 board shall give all members notice of the meeting at which the
4361 petitioned item shall be addressed in accordance with the 14-day
4362 notice requirement pursuant to subparagraph (c)2. Each member
4363 shall have the right to speak for at least 3 minutes on each
4364 matter placed on the agenda by petition. The board shall address
4365 all items on the agenda , provided that the member signs the
4366 sign-up sheet, if one is provided, or submits a written request
4367 to speak prior to the meeting. Other than addressing the
4368 petitioned item at the meeting, the board is not obligated to
4369 take any other action requested by the petition.
4370      (e)  Detailed agendas for board meetings with specific
4371 items that will be addressed shall be published and made
4372 available to all members no less than 7 days prior to the date
4373 of the board meeting.
4374      (3)  MINUTES.--Minutes of all meetings of the members of an
4375 association and of the board of directors of an association must
4376 be maintained in written form or in another form that can be
4377 converted into written form within a reasonable time. A vote or
4378 abstention from voting on each matter voted upon by for each
4379 director present at a board meeting shall must be recorded in
4380 the minutes.
4381      (4)  OFFICIAL RECORDS.--The association shall maintain each
4382 of the following items, when applicable, which constitute the
4383 official records of the association:
4384      (a)  Copies of any plans, specifications, permits, and
4385 warranties related to improvements constructed on the common
4386 areas or other property as platted and recorded that the
4387 association is obligated to maintain, repair, or replace. If
4388 such documents do not exist, the association shall obtain the
4389 documents or forfeit the right to assess any fees to maintain
4390 the common areas of property.
4391      (b)  A copy of the bylaws of the association and of each
4392 amendment to the bylaws.
4393      (c)  A copy of the articles of incorporation of the
4394 association and of each amendment thereto.
4395      (d)  A copy of each set of the declaration of covenants and
4396 a copy of each amendment thereto.
4397      (e)  A copy of the current rules of the homeowners'
4398 association.
4399      (f)  The minutes of all meetings of the board of directors
4400 and of the members, which minutes must be retained for at least
4401 7 years.
4402      (g)  A current roster of all members and their mailing
4403 addresses and parcel identifications. The association shall also
4404 maintain the electronic mailing addresses and the numbers
4405 designated by members for receiving notice sent by electronic
4406 transmission of those members consenting to receive notice by
4407 electronic transmission. The electronic mailing addresses and
4408 numbers provided by unit owners to receive notice by electronic
4409 transmission shall be removed from association records when
4410 consent to receive notice by electronic transmission is revoked.
4411 However, the association is not liable for an erroneous
4412 disclosure of the electronic mail address or the number for
4413 receiving electronic transmission of notices.
4414      (h)  All of the association's insurance policies or a copy
4415 thereof, which policies must be retained for at least 7 years.
4416      (i)  A current copy of all contracts to which the
4417 association is a party, including, without limitation, any
4418 management agreement, lease, or other contract under which the
4419 association has any obligation or responsibility. A contract or
4420 written agreement may not be allowed to maintain property that
4421 is not owned by and deeded to the association. Bids received by
4422 the association for work to be performed must also be considered
4423 official records and must be kept for a period of 1 year.
4424      (j)  The financial and accounting records of the
4425 association, kept according to good accounting practices. All
4426 financial and accounting records shall must be maintained for a
4427 period of at least 7 years. The financial and accounting records
4428 must include:
4429      1.  Accurate, itemized, and detailed records of all
4430 receipts and expenditures.
4431      2.  A current account and a periodic statement of the
4432 account for each member, designating the name and current
4433 address of each member who is obligated to pay assessments, the
4434 due date and amount of each assessment or other charge against
4435 the member, the date and amount of each payment on the account,
4436 and the balance due.
4437      3.  All tax returns, financial statements, and financial
4438 reports of the association.
4439      4.  Any other records that identify, measure, record, or
4440 communicate financial information.
4441      (k)  A copy of the disclosure summary described in s.
4442 720.401(1).
4443      (l)  All other written records of the association not
4444 specifically included in the foregoing which are related to the
4445 operation of the association.
4446      (m)  All interpretations of any governing documents, as
4447 provided by any legal source or attorney as long as they are not
4448 part of a pending lawsuit.
4449      (n)  All architectural requests and approvals or denials,
4450 which shall be maintained as long as the association exists or
4451 is active.
4452      (5)  INSPECTION AND COPYING OF RECORDS.--The official
4453 records shall be maintained within the county in which the
4454 governing documents are recorded state and must be open to
4455 inspection and available for photocopying by machine, video,
4456 digital cameras, or any other methods available to members or
4457 their authorized agents at reasonable times and places within 10
4458 business days after receipt of a written request for access.
4459 This subsection may be complied with by having a copy of the
4460 official records available for inspection or copying in the
4461 community. If the association has a photocopy machine available
4462 where the records are maintained, it must provide parcel owners
4463 with copies on request during the inspection if the entire
4464 request is limited to no more than 25 pages.
4465      (a)  The failure of an association to provide access to the
4466 records within 10 business days after receipt of a written
4467 request creates a rebuttable presumption that the association
4468 willfully failed to comply with this subsection.
4469      (b)  A member who is denied access to official records is
4470 entitled to the actual damages or minimum damages for the
4471 association's willful failure to comply with this subsection.
4472 The minimum damages are to be $100 $50 per calendar day up to 10
4473 days, the calculation to begin on the 11th business day after
4474 receipt of the written request.
4475      (c)  The association may adopt reasonable written rules
4476 governing the frequency, time, location, notice, records to be
4477 inspected, and manner of inspections, but may not impose a
4478 requirement that a parcel owner demonstrate any proper purpose
4479 for the inspection, state any reason for the inspection, or
4480 limit a parcel owner's right to inspect records to less than one
4481 8-hour business day per month. The association may only impose
4482 fees to cover the actual costs of providing copies of the
4483 official records, including, without limitation, the costs of
4484 copying. The association may charge up to 5 50 cents per page
4485 for copies made on the association's photocopier. If the
4486 association does not have a photocopy machine available where
4487 the records are kept, or if the records requested to be copied
4488 exceed 25 pages in length, the association may have copies made
4489 by an outside vendor and may charge the actual cost of copying
4490 only. The association may impose a one-time fee not to exceed 1
4491 cent per page and limited to a total of $5 if the parcel owner
4492 provides the necessary equipment and materials for copying and
4493 the labor to make the requested copies. The association shall
4494 maintain an adequate number of copies of the recorded governing
4495 documents, to ensure their availability to members and
4496 prospective members. Notwithstanding the provisions of this
4497 paragraph, the following records shall not be accessible to
4498 members or parcel owners:
4499      1.  Any record protected by the lawyer-client privilege as
4500 described in s. 90.502 and any record protected by the work-
4501 product privilege, including, but not limited to, any record
4502 prepared by an association attorney or prepared at the
4503 attorney's express direction which reflects a mental impression,
4504 conclusion, litigation strategy, or legal theory of the attorney
4505 or the association and was prepared exclusively for civil or
4506 criminal litigation or for adversarial administrative
4507 proceedings or which was prepared in anticipation of imminent
4508 civil or criminal litigation or imminent adversarial
4509 administrative proceedings until the conclusion of the
4510 litigation or adversarial administrative proceedings.
4511      2.  Information obtained by an association in connection
4512 with the approval of the lease, sale, or other transfer of a
4513 parcel.
4514      3.  Disciplinary, health, insurance, and personnel records
4515 of the association's employees.
4516      4.  Medical records of parcel owners or community
4517 residents.
4518      (6)  BUDGETS.--
4519      (a)  The association shall prepare an annual budget that
4520 sets out the annual operating expenses. The budget must reflect
4521 the estimated revenues and expenses for that year and the
4522 estimated surplus or deficit as of the end of the current year.
4523 The budget must set out separately all fees or charges paid for
4524 by the association for recreational amenities, whether owned by
4525 the association, the developer, or another person. The
4526 association shall provide each member with a copy of the annual
4527 budget or a written notice that a copy of the budget is
4528 available upon request at no charge to the member. The copy must
4529 be provided to the member within the time limits set forth in
4530 subsection (5).
4531      (b)  In addition to annual operating expenses, the budget
4532 may include reserve accounts for capital expenditures and
4533 deferred maintenance for which the association is responsible to
4534 the extent that the governing documents do not limit increases
4535 in assessments, including reserves. If the budget of the
4536 association includes reserve accounts, such reserves shall be
4537 determined, maintained, and waived in the manner provided in
4538 this subsection. Once an association provides for reserve
4539 accounts in the budget, the association shall thereafter
4540 determine, maintain, and waive reserves in compliance with the
4541 provisions of this subsection.
4542      (c)  If the budget of the association does not provide for
4543 reserve accounts governed by this subsection and the association
4544 is responsible for the repair and maintenance of capital
4545 improvements that may result in a special assessment if reserves
4546 are not provided, each financial report for the preceding fiscal
4547 year required by subsection (7) shall contain the following
4548 statement in conspicuous type: THE BUDGET OF THE ASSOCIATION
4549 DOES NOT PROVIDE FOR RESERVE ACCOUNTS FOR CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
4550 AND DEFERRED MAINTENANCE THAT MAY RESULT IN SPECIAL ASSESSMENTS.
4551 OWNERS MAY ELECT TO PROVIDE FOR RESERVE ACCOUNTS PURSUANT TO THE
4552 PROVISIONS OF SECTION 720.303(6), FLORIDA STATUTES, UPON THE
4553 APPROVAL OF NOT LESS THAN A MAJORITY OF THE TOTAL VOTING
4554 INTERESTS OF THE ASSOCIATION.
4555